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1.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 50(4): e200, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407944

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Management of intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia during arthroscopic shoulder surgeries remains a challenge. Although interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is considered ideal for shoulder anesthesia it requires skill and proficiency unlike intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine. Objective: This randomized trial was performed to observe the efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion which is less invasive and demands lesser skills than plexus block. Methodology: All patients scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were assigned either to group DEX, which received an IV dexmedetomidine bolus of 0.5 mcg/kg over 20 minutes, followed by an infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/hour that was stopped 30 minutes before surgery the end of surgery or to group BLOCK which received ultrasound guided ISB with 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The primary outcome assessed was intraoperative hemodynamics; the secondary outcomes were immediate postoperative pain, operating condition as assessed by the surgeon, recovery time, and patient satisfaction after 24 hours. Blinded investigator and composite scores were used for the assessment. Results: Both groups displayed equivalent scores for intraoperative hemodynamics whereas ISB resulted in a better post-operative analgesia (p < 0.001). Surgeon's opinion and recovery time were comparable. Overall, the patients had a satisfactory experience with both techniques, according to the quality assessment. Conclusions: IV dexmedetomidine infusion is an effective alternative to ISB for reconstructive shoulder surgeries under general anesthesia.


Resumen Introducción: El manejo hemodinámico intraoperatorio y la analgesia postoperatoria durante la cirugía artroscópica de hombro sigue siendo un desafío. Aun cuando el bloqueo interescalénico del plexo braquial (BIE) se considera ideal para la anestesia del hombro, a diferencia del uso de la dexmedetomidina intravenosa (IV), el BIE requiere destreza y maestría. Objetivo: El presente estudio aleatorizado se llevó a cabo para observar la eficacia de la infusión de dexmedetomidina que es menos invasiva y exige menos destreza que el bloqueo del plexo. Metodología: Todos los pacientes programados para cirugía artroscópica electiva de hombro bajo anestesia general, se asignaron o bien al grupo DEX, para recibir un bolo de dexmedetomidina IV de 0,5 mcg/kg en 20 minutos, seguido de una infusión de 0,5 mcg/kg/hora que se detuvo 30 minutos antes del final de la cirugía; o, al grupo BLOQUEO al cual se le administró un BIE ecoguiado con 20ml debupivacaína 0,25%. El desenlace primario evaluado fue la hemodinamia intraoperatoria; los desenlaces secundarios fueron el dolor postoperatorio inmediato, la condición operatoria evaluada por el cirujano, el tiempo de recuperación y la satisfacción del paciente después de 24 horas. Para la evaluación se utilizaron el investigador ciego y puntajes compuestos. Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron puntajes equivalentes en la hemodinamia intraoperatoria, en tanto que el BIE dio como resultado una mejor analgesia en el postoperatorio (p < 0.001). La opinión del cirujano y el tiempo de recuperación fueron comparables. En general, la experiencia de los pacientes fue satisfactoria con ambas técnicas, de acuerdo con la evaluación de calidad. Conclusiones: La infusión de dexmedetomidina IV es una alternativa efectiva al BIE para cirugías reconstructivas de hombro bajo anestesia general.

2.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(5): 683-690, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512223

RESUMO

The continuous interscalene block represents the analgesic standard for shoulder surgery. However, the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis can reach up to 100% of cases. We hypothesized that more dilute local anesthetics would decrease the phrenic palsy at 24 hours. METHODS: Prospective series of patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with continuous interscalene block. A 15-ml bolus of lidocaine 1%-levobupivacaine 0.25% plus an infusion of levobupivacaine 0.04% at an 8 mL/h rate plus 5 mL boluses on-demand with a 20-minutes lockout was used until discharge. Hemidiaphragmatic excursion was evaluated with M-mode ultrasound in the subcostal region before blocks, in the post-anesthetic unit, and at 24 h. The primary outcome was the presence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, amount of rescue boluses, postoperative opioids consumption, and side effects. RESULTS: Thirty patients were recruited and analyzed. The incidence of diaphragm paralysis at 24 h was 96.7%. The median [IQR] of pain at rest (patients with shoulder immobilizer) in a NRS from 0 to 10 at 0.5; 1; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 hours were 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-2]; 0 [0-2.5]; 0 [0-2], respectively. The median [IQR] consumption of LA boluses was 1.5 [0-7]. There were no postoperative morphine requirements. The most frequent side effect was Horner´s syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous interscalene block with 0.04% levobupivacaine provides adequate analgesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery but does not prevent hemidiaphragmatic paralysis at 24 hours under the conditions of this study.


El bloqueo interescalénico representa el estándar analgésico para cirugía de hombro. No obstante, la incidencia de parálisis hemidiafragmática puede alcanzar 100% de los casos. Nuestra hipótesis es que infusiones con anestésicos locales más diluidos disminuirían la PHD 24 horas postbloqueo. MÉTODOS: Serie prospectiva de pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica electiva de hombro con bloqueo interescalénico continuo. Un bolo de 15 mL de lidocaína 1%-levobupivacaína 0,5% más infusión postoperatoria de levobupivacaína al 0,04% a 8 ml/h más bolos a demanda de 5 mL con intervalo de 20 minutos hasta el alta. La excursión hemidiafragmática se evaluó con ultrasonido con transductor curvo 2-5 MHz en modo M en la región infracostal antes del bloqueo, en la unidad postanestésica y a las 24 h, antes del alta. El outcome primario fue la presencia de parálisis hemidiafragmática 24 horas postbloqueo. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron dolor postoperatorio, total de bolos de rescate, requerimiento de opioides postoperatorios y efectos secundarios. RESULTADOS: Treinta pacientes fueron reclutados y analizados. La incidencia de PHD a las 24 h fue 96,7%. La mediana [RIC] de dolor en reposo (pacientes con inmovilizador de hombro) medido en escala numérica de 0 a 10, a las 0,5; 1; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 horas fueron 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-0]; 0 [0-2]; 0 [0-2.5]; 0 [0-2] respectivamente. La mediana [RIC] de consumo de bolos de rescate fue 1,5 [0-7]. No hubo pacientes con requerimientos de morfina postoperatoria. El efecto colateral más frecuente fue el síndrome de Horner. CONCLUSIONES: El bloqueo interescalénico continuo con levobupivacaína 0,04% proporciona analgesia postoperatoria adecuada, pero no evita la PHD a las 24 h en las condiciones de esta serie.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Artroscopia/efeitos adversos , Paralisia Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Ombro/cirurgia , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial/métodos , Paralisia Respiratória/etiologia , Paralisia Respiratória/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Levobupivacaína/administração & dosagem
3.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 60(2): 39-46, oct. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095953

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la lesión de los vasos subclavios durante la cirugía de clavícula es una situación rara, de suceder podría resultar incluso mortal; conocer su ubicación es indispensable para minimizar ese riesgo.OBJETIVO: determinar la ubicación y la distancia de la AS y VS respecto a la clavícula. Secundariamente, identificar las características particulares que influencien la ubicación y la distancia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo, AngioTAC de tórax y cuello entre 2012 y 2017; se midió la longitud de la clavícula, distancia y dirección de los vasos subclavios en cada tercio de la clavícula, como también la angulación entre una horizontal y el centro de los vasos subclavios. Resultados: 39 AngioTC, 78 hombros. Distancia AS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal 32,8mm (20,3-46,3), 15,4mm (6,8-28,0) y 62,7mm (37,0-115,4) respectivamente. La distancia VS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal fue: 7,4mm (1,0-19,2), 16,2mm (6,7-34,7) y 67,1mm (29,7-117,0) respectivamente. La ubicación de AS y VS con respecto a la clavícula es posterosuperior en el tercio proximal, posteroinferior en el tercio medio e inferior en el tercio distal. CONCLUSIÓN: En el tercio proximal la vena puede estar solo a 1mm de la clavícula y la arteria a 6mm en dirección antero-posterior, resultando esa zona la más peligrosa. En el tercio medio la distancia es mayor, pudiendo estar arteria y vena a solo 6mm, la dirección de brocado más peligrosa es antero-inferior con una inclinación promedio de 45° caudal. El tercio distal es el más seguro, los vasos están al menos a 30mm de distancia hacia caudal. Nivel de evidencia III.


BACKGROUND: injury to the subclavian vessels during clavicle surgery is a rare situation, if it happens it could even be fatal; knowing their location is essential to minimize that risk. OBJECTIVE: determine location and distance of the AS and VS with respect to the clavicle. Secondarily identify particular characteristics that influence location and distance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective study, AngioTAC of thorax and neck between 2012 and 2017; it was measured the length of the clavicle, distance and direction of the subclavian vessels in each third of the clavicle and angulation between a horizontal and the center of the subclavian vessels were measured. Results: 39 AngioTC, 78 shoulders. AS / clavicle third proximal, middle and distal distance 32.8mm (20.3-46.3), 15.4mm (6.8-28.0) and 62.7mm (37.0-115.4) respectively. Distance VS / clavicle third proximal, middle and distal was: 7.4mm (1.0-19.2), 16.2mm (6.7-34.7) and 67.1mm (29.7-117.0) respectively. The location of AS and VS with respect to the clavicle is posterosuperior in the proximal third, posteroinferior in the middle third and inferior in the distal third. CONCLUSION: In the proximal third the vein can be only 1mm from the clavicle and the artery to 6mm in the anterior-posterior direction, this zone is the most dangerous. In the middle third the distance is greater, artery and vein can be only to 6mm, the most dangerous drilling direction is antero-inferior with an average inclination of 45° caudal. The distal third is the safest, the vessels are at least 30mm away from the vessels. Level of evidence III.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artéria Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Clavícula/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Subclávia/anatomia & histologia , Veia Subclávia/anatomia & histologia , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada
4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 61(2): 64-72, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24119783

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ischemic brain damage has been reported in healthy patients after beach chair position for surgery due to cerebral hypoperfusion. Near-infrared spectroscopy has been described as a non-invasive, continuous method to monitor cerebral oxygen saturation. However, its impact on neurobehavioral outcome comparing different anesthesia regimens has been poorly described. METHODS: In this prospective, assessor-blinded study, 90 patients undergoing shoulder surgery in beach chair position following general (G-group, n=45) or regional anesthesia (R-group; n=45) were enrolled to assess the prevalence of cerebral desaturation events comparing anesthesia regimens and their impact on neurobehavioral and neurological outcome. Anesthesiologists were blinded to regional cerebral oxygen saturation values. Baseline data assessed the day before surgery included neurological and neurobehavioral tests, which were repeated the day after surgery. The baseline data for regional cerebral oxygen saturation/bispectral index and invasive blood pressure both at heart and auditory meatus levels were taken prior to anesthesia, 5 min after induction of anesthesia, 5 min after beach chair positioning, after skin incision and thereafter all 20 min until discharge. RESULTS: Patients in the R-group showed significantly less cerebral desaturation events (p<0.001), drops in regional cerebral oxygen saturation values (p<0.001), significantly better neurobehavioral test results the day after surgery (p<0.001) and showed a greater hemodynamic stability in the beach chair position compared to patients in the G-group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of regional cerebral oxygen desaturations seems to influence the neurobehavioral outcome. Regional anesthesia offers more stable cardiovascular conditions for shoulder surgery in beach chair position influencing neurobehavioral test results at 24h.


Assuntos
Anestesia por Condução/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Artroscopia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Hipóxia Encefálica/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Oximetria/métodos , Posicionamento do Paciente/efeitos adversos , Ombro/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Dano Encefálico Crônico/etiologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/prevenção & controle , Monitores de Consciência , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 61(5): 277-80, 2014 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23787368

RESUMO

We report a case of hypoglossal nerve damage after shoulder hemiarthroplasty with the patient in "beach chair" position, performed with general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation, and without complications. An ultrasound-guided interscalene block was previously performed in an alert patient. After the intervention, the patient showed clinical symptomatology compatible with paralysis of the right hypoglossal nerve that completely disappeared after 4 weeks. Mechanisms such as hyperextension of the neck during intubation, endotracheal tube cuff pressure, excessive hyperextension, or head lateralization during surgery have been described as causes of this neurological damage. We discuss the causes, the associated factors and suggest preventive measures.


Assuntos
Artroplastia , Traumatismos do Nervo Hipoglosso/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Articulação do Ombro/cirurgia , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Comorbidade , Movimentos da Cabeça , Humanos , Traumatismos do Nervo Hipoglosso/prevenção & controle , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bloqueio Nervoso , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/etiologia , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/prevenção & controle , Posicionamento do Paciente/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Remissão Espontânea , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção
6.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 11(3): 154-162, sep.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-64909

RESUMO

Introducción: la cirugía descompresiva en el síndrome doloroso de hombro es relativamente frecuente. El dolor posquirúrgico dificulta la rehabilitación temprana de estos pacientes y su reincorporación social y laboral. Objetivo: evaluar y demostrar la eficacia del uso de la combinación de bupivacaína-morfina vs. bupivacaína sola, administradas a través de catéter intrarticular para la analgesia y rehabilitación posoperatoria en cirugía de hombro. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo y analítico a 80 pacientes entre 40 y 65 años de edad, de ambos sexos, atendidos en el Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto de La Habana, que comprendió los meses desde octubre de 2009 hasta mayo de 2010. Los pacientes se dividieron al azar en 2 grupos de 40 individuos cada uno. Al Grupo I se le añadió al anestésico local, 2 mg de morfina liofilizada cada 24 horas. Al Grupo II solo bupivacaína al 0,25 por ciento (20 mL) cada 6 horas. Se evaluó analgesia posoperatoria según la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA). Se compararon los resultados mediante prueba de Chi cuadrado con un grado de confiabilidad de 95 por ciento. Resultados: la prolongación de la analgesia posoperatoria combinada en el Grupo I fue de un promedio de 13,5 horas vs. 4,55 horas en el Grupo II donde se usó solo bupivacaína durante las primeras 24 horas; y se notó igualmente una mejor evolución del dolor en las siguientes 24 a 48 horas para el Grupo I. Conclusiones: la utilización de la mezcla anestésica con el analgésico, para aliviar el dolor posoperatorio mediante catéter intrarticular en cirugía de hombro, es más eficaz, con leves efectos colaterales de fácil manejo, lo que permite una rehabilitación precoz(AU)


Introduction: decompressive surgery is relatively common in shoulder pain syndrome. Postsurgical pain hampers the early rehabilitation of these patients and their reincorporation to work and social life. Objective: dvaluate and demonstrate the efficacy of the use of the bupivacaine-morphine combination vs. bupivacaine alone, administered through an intra-articular catheter, for postoperative analgesia and rehabilitation in shoulder surgery. Methods: an analytical prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 80 patients of both sexes aged 40-65 cared for at Dr. Luis Diaz Soto Central Military Hospital in Havana, which extended from October 2009 to May 2010. The patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups, each with 40 members. In Group I, 2 mg of lyophilized morphine were added to the local anesthetic every 24 hours. In Group II, only 0.25 percent bupivacaine (20 mL) was added every 6 hours. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated with the Analog Visual Scale (AVS). Results were compared by means of a chi-square test with a 95 percent confidence degree. Results: on average, prolongation of combined postoperative analgesia in Group I was 13.5 hours vs. 4.55 hours in Group II, where only bupivacaine was used during the first 24 hours. A better evolution of pain was also observed in Group I during the next 24 to 48 hours. Conclusions: Administration of the anesthetic mixture combined with the analgesic through an intra-articular catheter to relieve postoperative pain in shoulder surgery is more effective, with mild, easily manageable side effects, thus enabling early rehabilitation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Síndrome de Colisão do Ombro/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Bupivacaína/uso terapêutico , Morfina/uso terapêutico , Catéteres , Escala Visual Analógica , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
7.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 11(3): 154-162, sep.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739097

RESUMO

Introducción: la cirugía descompresiva en el síndrome doloroso de hombro es relativamente frecuente. El dolor posquirúrgico dificulta la rehabilitación temprana de estos pacientes y su reincorporación social y laboral. Objetivo: evaluar y demostrar la eficacia del uso de la combinación de bupivacaína-morfina vs. bupivacaína sola, administradas a través de catéter intrarticular para la analgesia y rehabilitación posoperatoria en cirugía de hombro. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo y analítico a 80 pacientes entre 40 y 65 años de edad, de ambos sexos, atendidos en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" de La Habana, que comprendió los meses desde octubre de 2009 hasta mayo de 2010. Los pacientes se dividieron al azar en 2 grupos de 40 individuos cada uno. Al Grupo I se le añadió al anestésico local, 2 mg de morfina liofilizada cada 24 horas. Al Grupo II solo bupivacaína al 0,25 % (20 mL) cada 6 horas. Se evaluó analgesia posoperatoria según la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA). Se compararon los resultados mediante prueba de Chicuadradocon un grado de confiabilidad de 95 %. Resultados: la prolongación de la analgesia posoperatoria combinada en el Grupo I fue de un promedio de 13,5 horas vs. 4,55 horas en el Grupo II donde se usó solo bupivacaína durante las primeras 24 horas; y se notó igualmente una mejor evolución del dolor en las siguientes 24 a 48 horas para el Grupo I. Conclusiones: la utilización de la mezcla anestésica con el analgésico, para aliviar el dolor posoperatorio mediante catéter intrarticular en cirugía de hombro, es más eficaz, con leves efectos colaterales de fácil manejo, lo que permite una rehabilitación precoz.


Introduction: decompressive surgery is relatively common in shoulder pain syndrome. Postsurgical pain hampers the early rehabilitation of these patients and their reincorporation to work and social life. Objective: dvaluate and demonstrate the efficacy of the use of the bupivacaine-morphine combination vs. bupivacaine alone, administered through an intra-articular catheter, for postoperative analgesia and rehabilitation in shoulder surgery. Methods: an analytical prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 80 patients of both sexes aged 40-65 cared for at "Dr. Luis Diaz Soto" Central Military Hospital in Havana, which extended from October 2009 to May 2010. The patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups, each with 40 members. In Group I, 2 mg of lyophilized morphine were added to the local anesthetic every 24 hours. In Group II, only 0.25 % bupivacaine (20 mL) was added every 6 hours. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated with the Analog Visual Scale (AVS). Results were compared by means of a chi-square test with a 95 % confidence degree. Results: on average, prolongation of combined postoperative analgesia in Group I was 13.5 hours vs. 4.55 hours in Group II, where only bupivacaine was used during the first 24 hours. A better evolution of pain was also observed in Group I during the next 24 to 48 hours. Conclusions: Administration of the anesthetic mixture combined with the analgesic through an intra-articular catheter to relieve postoperative pain in shoulder surgery is more effective, with mild, easily manageable side effects, thus enabling early rehabilitation.

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